Haemorrhagic fevers in Bolivia: origins, reservoirs, transmission and guidelines

摘要

Comprehensive guidance on two high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs) causing haemorrhagic fever in Bolivia: Machupo virus (MACV) and Chapare virus (CHAPV).

詳細內容

There are currently 2 recognised viruses that cause haemorrhagic fever illnesses in Bolivia that are classed as high consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). These are:

Machupo virus (MACV) - causes Bolivian haemorrhagic fever
Chapare virus (CHAPV) - causes Chapare haemorrhagic fever

This guidance document covers:

Origins and reservoirs:

Rodent reservoirs for both viruses
Geographic distribution within Bolivia
Environmental factors affecting transmission

Transmission:

Contact with infected rodent excreta
Person-to-person transmission (particularly CHAPV)
Aerosol transmission in certain circumstances
Nosocomial transmission risks

Clinical guidelines:

Recognition and diagnosis
Case management and supportive care
Infection prevention and control measures
Contact tracing and monitoring

HCID classification implications:

Requires specialized isolation facilities
Enhanced infection control procedures
Specific reporting and notification requirements
Coordination with national HCID network

While these infections are rare and geographically limited, the guidance is essential for UK healthcare providers who may encounter imported cases or need to advise travelers to endemic areas in Bolivia.

摘要

詳細內容

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